Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603 Publication_Date: 200102 Title: Spatial Vegetation Data for Voyageurs National Park Vegetation Mapping Project Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Issue_Identification: Voyageurs NP Vegetation Mapping Project Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Biological Informatics Other_Citation_Details: The spatial database was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) for the USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and their affiliates (Association for Biodiversity Information (ABI) and Minnesota County Biological Survey (MCBS) of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) provided ecological and vegetation classification support. Online_Linkage: http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/ftp/vegmapping/voya/voya.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Publication_Date: 200102 Title: Voyageurs National Park Vegetation Mapping Project, USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data information for Voyageurs National Park Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Issue_Identification: Voyageurs NP Vegetation Mapping Project Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Biological Informatics Other_Citation_Details: The Voyageurs National Park Vegetation Mapping Project is part of the USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program, which is managed by the USGS Center for Biological Informatics. The USGS UMESC provided project coordination and compiled all project data for distribution. The UMESC produced all spatial database sets: vegetation spatial database coverage, observation points, vegetation field plots, accuracy assessment, and various other ancillary spatial coverages. The UMESC also performed the accuracy assessment analysis of the vegetation spatial database coverage, prepared final project documentation discussing methods and results, and provided metadata reports. TNC and their affiliates (ABI and MCBS) provided ecological and vegetation support, vegetation field sampling (plot samples and accuracy assessment), data entry, vegetation analysis, methods documentation, and classification development (including community descriptions) based on the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). Voyageurs National Park provided staff to assist in field efforts, boat transportation, and knowledge of the local area. Online_Linkage: http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/voya/ Description: Abstract: The vegetation spatial database coverage is of Voyageurs National Park and extended environs, covering 156,886 hectares (387,674 acres). Voyageurs National Park comprises 88,244 hectares (218,055 acres) of the total coverage area (56%). Almost 33,000 polygons make up the coverage, each with map unit description and physiognomic attribute information. The database provides crosswalk information to all USNVC floristic and physiognomic levels and several other classification systems (ecological groups/subgroups, Minnesota communities, NW Ontario forest and wetland ecosystems, USGS land use/land cover). A total of 50 USNVC associations make up the vegetation at Voyageurs National Park and environs. With all vegetation types, land use classes, and park specific categories combined, a total of 67 map units define the ground features within the project area. Applicable physiognomic modifiers define each vegetation map unit in more detail about the vegetation structure within a polygon (density, pattern, height, dominance). The spatial database was produced from the interpretation of fall 1995 and 1996 1:15,840-scale color infrared (CIR) aerial photographs. The interpreted data were transferred and automated using base maps produced from USGS digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQ's) or using Ontario Basic Mapping Series (OBM) topographic maps. About 92% of the spatial coverage is produced using the DOQ-based maps. The finished spatial database is a single seamless coverage. The estimated overall thematic accuracy for vegetation map units is 82.4%. Purpose: The vegetation spatial database coverage was produced for the Voyageurs National Park Vegetation Mapping Project, USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program. Supplemental_Information: The coverage is also available as 2 separate database sets to reflect the different base map medium used during the automation process; the DOQ-based coverage (Voyageurs National Park, all the environs area within USA, and portions of the environs area within Canada) and OBM-based coverage (remaining portion of environs area within Canada). Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19950927 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19960913 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19960914 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19961003 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Voyageurs National Park and environs Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -93.25 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -92.437 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.644 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.281 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Digital Spatial Database Theme_Keyword: Vegetation Map Theme_Keyword: Vegetation Theme_Keyword: US National Vegetation Classification Theme_Keyword: USNVC Theme_Keyword: National Park Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Voyageurs National Park Place_Keyword: Minnesota Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Ontario Place_Keyword: Canada Taxonomy: Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Taxonomic_Keywords: US National Vegetation Classification Taxonomic_Keywords: USNVC Taxonomic_Keywords: Vegetation Taxonomic_Keywords: Plant Community Taxonomic_Keywords: Association Taxonomic_System: Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Anderson, M., P. Bourgeron, M. T. Bryer, R. Crawford, L. Engelking, D. Faber-Langendoen, M. Gallyoun, K. Goodin, D. H. Grossman, S. Landaal, K. Metzler, K. D. Patterson, M. Pyne, M. Reid, L. Sneddon, and A. S. Weakley Publication_Date: 1998 Title: International classification of ecological communities: terrestrial vegetation of the United States. Volume II. The National Vegetation Classification System: list of types Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Arlington, Virginia, USA Publisher: The Nature Conservancy Other_Citation_Details: U.S. National Vegetation Classification listing of physiognomic and floristic levels. Online_Linkage: http://www.natureserve.org/library/vol1.pdf Classification_System_Modifications: All physiognomic and floristic levels are represented within the vegetation spatial database coverage. Taxonomic_Procedures: Plot sizes ranged from 20 x 20 m for forests and woodlands to 10 x 10 m for shrublands, herbaceous, and nonvascular vegetation. Plots were placed subjectively in the most representative part of each stand of vegetation. The vegetation was visually divided into strata, and height and cover abundance of each stratum was estimated. Cover of dominant life forms was also estimated to match methods used by the Minnesota Natural Heritage Program survey methods (e.g. total cover of evergreen trees or shrubs was recorded separately from cover of deciduous trees or shrubs (Norm Aaseng, personal communication, 1996). All the species of each stratum were listed (including mosses and lichens) and percent cover estimated using the Braun-Blanquet cover scale. Additional species within the vegetation unit or polygon that occurred outside of sampled plots (generally within 2 m of the plot border) were listed separately. Species that were not identifiable in the field were collected for later identification. Vegetation plot data were entered into the Minnesota Natural Heritage Program's plot database. Species were assigned standardized codes and names based on the PLANTS database (USDA, NRCS 1999). These data were transferred to the PLOTS database developed by the Nature Conservancy (TNC 1997) for final inclusion in this report. For the vegetation analysis, the data were analyzed using the PC-ORD Multivariate Analysis package (McCune and Mefford 1997). The data were analyzed in a series of runs, partitioning the data into smaller sets based on clusters found in the larger data sets, until sufficient resolution was achieved. Multivariate analysis was done using both Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling or NMS (Clarke 1993) and Cluster Analysis. A Bray-Curtis ordination was used as a starting point for the NMS and Ward's Method was used in the Cluster Analysis. These were then reviewed and assessed for perceived environmental gradients (e.g. moisture gradients, peat depth, soil depth, etc.). Indicator Species Analysis (Dufrene and Legendre 1997) was used to identify indicator species and to assess the reassignment of plots into different cluster analysis groups. These groups were compared with the USNVC (Faber-Langendoen et al. 1996, Grossman et al. 1998), as well as to northwestern Ontario types (Sims et al. 1989 and 1997, Harris et al. 1996). Care was taken not to over-emphasize local variations found at Voyageurs compared to more extensive information compiled at the state or regional level. Nevertheless, several types in the USNVC were revised based on these analyses. Plot summaries were produced for each type. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Those using the database should understand the data and determine for themselves the fitness of the data prior to use. For publication and dissemination, citations or credit should be given to the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Biological Informatics, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. The Nature Conservancy and their affiliates (Association for Biodiversity Information and Minnesota County Biological Survey of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) should be given credit for ecological support. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS BRD Center for Biological Informatics Contact_Person: USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Room 8000, MS 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4220 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-202-4219 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-b-npsveg@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/voya/images/voyavegmap.pdf Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Graphic file showing vegetation distribution of Voyagerus NP and environs, by ecological subgroups. Low resolution for web browser. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/voya/images/voyavegmap_poster.pdf Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Graphic file showing vegetation distribution of Voyagerus NP and environs, by ecological subgroups. High resolution for presentation. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Data_Set_Credit: USGS UMESC, TNC and their affiliates (ABI and MCBS) Native_Data_Set_Environment: UNIX-ARC/INFO Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Based on results of a thematic accuracy assessment, the estimated overall accuracy for the vegetation map units is 82.4%. Logical_Consistency_Report: All polygon features were checked for topology and existence of label points using ArcInfo. Each polygon begins and ends at the same point with the node feature. All nodes were checked for error so that there are no dangling features. There are no duplicate lines or polygons. All nodes were snapped together and polygons closed based on a specified tolerance. The tests for logical consistency were performed in ArcInfo. Completeness_Report: All data within the bounding coordinates are complete with polygons representing ground features at the time of aerial photographs. Each polygon is represented with a single label in the form of a code that represents the map unit and appropriate physiognomic descriptors. A .5 hectare (1.2 acre) minimum mapping unit was applied to all map units, except for the small island categories which are mapped to .1 hectares (.25 acres). Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The portion of the spatial database that was produced using the USGS 1:12,000-scale orthophoto base maps (hard copy maps plotted from 3.75-minute DOQ's) has a positional accuracy meeting U.S. National Map Accuracy Standards. The portion of the spatial database that was produced using the OBM 1:20,000-scale topographic maps (10 meter contour interval) has a positional accuracy of 1 meter for well-defined features. With most features within the project area not being well-defined (e.g. large forested and wetland areas), positional accuracy is uncertain. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: KBM, Inc. Publication_Date: 1995/1996 Title: Voyageurs National Park - Fall 1995/1996 Color Infrared Aerial Photography Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: aerial photography Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Issue_Identification: Voyageurs NP Vegetation Mapping Project Publication_Information: Publication_Place: 1604 S. Washington St., Grand Forks, North Dakota Publisher: KBM, Inc. Other_Citation_Details: A total of 782 color infrared aerial photographs (1:15,840-scale) were collected for the Voyageurs NP Vegetation Mapping Project, USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program. The photographs cover the entire Park and extended environs. Digital flight line index coverages of the aerial photographs were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center and are available on the project's CD-ROM. Source_Scale_Denominator: 15840 Type_of_Source_Media: aerial photographs Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19950927 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19960913 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19960914 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19961003 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: VOYA 1995/1996 CIR Aerial Photographs Source_Contribution: None Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 1991-1992 Title: 3.75-minute Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: orhtorectified aerial photographs Other_Citation_Details: Black & white (gray-scale) orthorectified images derived from aerial photographs taken May 1991 and May 1992. Projection is in Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 15, and datum in North American Datum of 1983, Geodedic Reference System 80 spheroid. Source_Scale_Denominator: 12000 Type_of_Source_Media: photographs Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 199105 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 199205 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS 3.75-minute DOQ Source_Contribution: None Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Provincial Mapping Office, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Ontario Basic Mapping Series Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: topography paper map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Publisher: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Other_Citation_Details: Used selected map tiles for portions within the project boundary that were not covered by USGS DOQ base maps. Hard copy (paper) topographic maps are 1:20,000-scale, Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 15, North American Datum of 1927. Air photo source 1983, map published 1993. Map base by Land and Resource Information Branch. Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1993 Source_Currentness_Reference: the publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: OBM Source_Contribution: None Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Publication_Date: 200003 Title: Map Units for the Voyageurs National Park Vegetation Mapping Project Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map unit codes and name for Voyageurs National Park Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Issue_Identification: Voyageurs NP Vegetation Mapping Project Publication_Information: Publication_Place: La Crosse, Wisconsin Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Other_Citation_Details: Map unit codes and name descriptions developed specifically for the Voyageurs NP Vegetation Mapping Project. Includes crosswalk to U.S. National Vegetation Classification floristic and physiognomic levels (names and codes), Ecological Groups (subgroups), Minnesota Natural Community Classification, NW Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification and Wetland Ecosystem Classification systems, and U.S. Geological Survey Land Use/Land Cover classification system (level 2). Microsoft (R) Excel 97 Workbook files [voya_mapunit_crosswalk.xls] for full crosswalk, and [voya_mapunit.xls] for condensed crosswalk are available on the project's CD-ROM. Type_of_Source_Media: digital file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 200003 Source_Currentness_Reference: final version Source_Citation_Abbreviation: VOYA Map Units Source_Contribution: None Process_Step: Process_Description: INTRODUCTION & AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY: The vegetation spatial database coverage is of Voyageurs National Park and extended environs, and covers 156,866 hectares (387,674 acres). Voyageurs National Park comprises 88,244 hectares (218,055 acres) of the total coverage area (56%). A total of 782 CIR aerial photographs were collected for the project at a scale of 1:15,840. The aerial photograph mission began late September 1995 with the collection of 111 photos, covering much of the northern one-third of the project area. The photo mission was completed late September and early October 1996 with the collection of an additional 671 aerial photographs. A total of 510 aerial photographs were used for mapping. The spatial database reflects conditions that existed at the time the photos were collected. Process_Date: 1995-1996 Process_Step: Process_Description: FIELD RECONNAISSANCE & PHOTO INTERPRETATION: Prior to photo interpretation, field reconnaissance was performed throughout the 1996 field season by the photo interpretation team to learn, test, and verify photo signatures to establish a map classification. Efforts were concentrated in the northern one-third of the project area for which a set of photographs had already been acquired. Ecologists intermittently assisted to assure correct field calls and to verify additional vegetation types as they were encountered. By the end of the 1996 field season, mapping protocols were sufficiently stabilized to permit the aerial photo interpretation team to begin delineating polygons across the northern one-third of the project area. During the 1997 field season, field reconnaissance activities continued, focusing on the southern two-thirds of the project area with an emphasis on photo signatures not readily observed the prior year. Throughout this field process, map unit classes were developed, and a fuller understanding of their linkage to vegetation types was strengthened. Photo interpretation was performed using the 1995/1996 CIR film transparencies (1:15,840-scale). The photographs were cut from rolls and covered with clear acetate overlays. The overlays were registered to the photos. Ground features were interpreted and delineated onto the photo overlays using a Bausch and Lomb Zoom 240 stereoscope over a light table. Each photograph was viewed with its matching stereo pairs so images could be seen in 3-dimensions. To minimize edge distortion, interpretation was focused towards the center of each photograph. Texture, height, pattern, life form, and position in the landscape were all used in the decision process of delineating polygons and assigning map unit codes. Appropriate physiognomic modifiers were added in conjunction with the map unit attribute. An ancillary set of October 1988 CIR aerial photographs (1:12,000-scale) was used to assist in the interpretation process. The 1988 photo set effectively captured fall colors in leaf canopies and revealed distinctions not apparent on the 1995/1996 photo set. A total of 509 aerial photographs were interpreted to produce the spatial coverage. Process_Date: 1996-1998 Process_Step: Process_Description: AUTOMATION & SPATIAL COVERAGE: Bausch and Lomb zoom transfer scopes were used to transfer photo interpreted data to geo-referenced base maps. The transfer process removed much of the aerial photograph's inherent distortion and also tied the interpreted data to real-world coordinates so it could be digitally automated. A total of 51 USGS 3.75-minute DOQ's were used to plot hard copy (film acetate) orthophoto base maps at a scale of 1:12,000. About 92% of the project area was produced with DOQ-based maps, covering the Voyageurs National Park, all the environs area within USA, and portions of the environs area within Canada. For portions of Canada not covered by DOQ's, OBM topographic paper maps at a scale of 1:20,000 were used. The polygons were manually transferred to overlays that were registered to the base maps. Map unit attributes and appropriate physiognomic modifier codes were added to a second overlay that was positioned over the polygon overlay. The overlays were subsequently rechecked for accuracy. Each overlay of transferred data was scanned using a large format sheet fed scanner at a resolution of 400 dots per inch. The resulting Tagged Image File Format images were then converted to a grid using ArcInfo (Version 7.2.1 Patch 2). For data produced with the DOQ base maps, the converted grid was projected to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 15, with datum in North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). For data produced with the OBM base maps, the converted grid was projected to UTM, Zone 15, with datum in North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) and later converted to NAD83 once all OBM-based digital coverages were produced and joined. Each individual grid was transformed to a geo-referenced boundary coverage to digitally reference the data to real-world coordinates. In ArcTools, the ArcScan utility was used to trace the referenced polygon data producing an ArcInfo coverage. Each intermediate coverage was edited for errors, assigned attributes to polygons, checked against the hand-transferred overlays for line and attribute errors, and finally joined to produce a seamless spatial database coverage of the vegetation map. The look up table (LUT) was originally produced in spreadsheet format (dBASE IV), and then converted to an ArcInfo table using ArcInfo (Version 8.0.2). The table was merged with the spatial coverage using MAP_CODE as the common attribute item. The merged LUT contains numerous items which provides a set of information for each polygon. For the list of LUT items, refer to the Entity and Attribute Information's Entity and Attribute Overview section within this a metadata report. The finished coverage is single, seamless spatial database of the entire project area. Because 2 procedures were used in the automation process (DOQ-based maps in NAD83, and OBM-based maps in NAD27 later converted to NAD83), the vegetation database was also preserved as 2 separate coverages. Process_Date: 1996-2000 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin D. Hop Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Contact_Position: Project Team Leader - Biologist (Remote Sensing) Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 575 Lester Avenue City: Onalaska State_or_Province: Wisconsin Postal_Code: 54650 Contact_Address: Address_Type: organization address Address: 2630 Fanta Reed Road City: La Crosse State_or_Province: Wisconsin Postal_Code: 54603 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (608) 783-7550 ext 46 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (608) 783-6451 (organization) Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (608) 783-8058 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (608) 783-6066 (org) Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kevin_hop@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Voyageurs National Park is located in northern Minnesota, with the northern extent of the Park bordering Ontario, Canada. The northwest corner of the Park is 18 miles east of International Falls, Minnesota. The southwest corner of the Park is adjacent the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Superior National Forest. Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 15 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -93 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1 Ordinate_Resolution: 1 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodedic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BSB Entity_Type_Definition: Black Spruce Bog Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: LBC Entity_Type_Definition: Black Spruce/Leatherleaf Semi-treed Bog Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: LB Entity_Type_Definition: Leatherleaf Bog Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BBX Entity_Type_Definition: Beaver Basin Break-up Mosaic Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BBSF Entity_Type_Definition: Bog Birch-Willow Shore Fen Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: LSF Entity_Type_Definition: Leatherleaf-Sweet Gale Shore Fen Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TF Entity_Type_Definition: Tamarack Scrub Poor Fen Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SPF Entity_Type_Definition: Northern Sedge Poor Fen Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BJ Entity_Type_Definition: Canada Bluejoint Eastern Meadow Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SMX Entity_Type_Definition: Wet Meadow/Fen Mosaic/Complex Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: PM Entity_Type_Definition: Eastern Reed Marsh Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BM Entity_Type_Definition: Freshwater Bulrush Marsh Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CM Entity_Type_Definition: Midwest Cattail Deep Marsh Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WRM Entity_Type_Definition: Wild Rice Marsh Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: DMX Entity_Type_Definition: Deep Marsh Mosaic/Complex Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: PW Entity_Type_Definition: Midwest Pondweed Submerged Aquatic Wetland Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WL Entity_Type_Definition: Northern Water Lily Aquatic Wetland Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BA Entity_Type_Definition: Black Ash-Mixed Hardwood Swamp Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WCBA Entity_Type_Definition: White Cedar-Black Ash Swamp Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BSAS Entity_Type_Definition: Black Spruce/Alder Rich Swamp Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: TA Entity_Type_Definition: Northern Tamarack Rich Swamp Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WCS Entity_Type_Definition: White Cedar-(Mixed Conifer)/Alder Swamp (rich soil phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WCT Entity_Type_Definition: White Cedar-(Mixed Conifer)/Alder Swamp (peatland phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BSL Entity_Type_Definition: Black Spruce/Labrador Tea Poor Swamp (evergreen phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BST Entity_Type_Definition: Black Spruce/Labrador Tea Poor Swamp (mixed phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: DS Entity_Type_Definition: Dogwood-Pussy Willow Swamp Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AS Entity_Type_Definition: Speckled Alder Swamp Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: JPW Entity_Type_Definition: Boreal Pine Rocky Woodland (jack pine phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: JPM Entity_Type_Definition: Boreal Pine Rocky Woodland (mixed pine phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: JPL Entity_Type_Definition: Jack Pine/Lichen Rocky Barrens Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ABW Entity_Type_Definition: Mixed Aspen Rocky Woodland Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: OW Entity_Type_Definition: Northern Pin Oak-Bur Oak-(Jack Pine) Rocky Woodland (deciduous phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: JPOM Entity_Type_Definition: Northern Pin Oak-Bur Oak-(Jack Pine) Rocky Woodland (jack pine-oak phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: MPHW Entity_Type_Definition: Northern Pin Oak-Bur Oak-(Jack Pine) Rocky Woodland (mixed pine-oak phase) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: UBS Entity_Type_Definition: Boreal Hazelnut-Serviceberry Rocky Shrubland Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: MGF Entity_Type_Definition: Poverty Grass Granite Barrens Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WCU Entity_Type_Definition: White Cedar-Boreal Conifer Mesic Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WCA Entity_Type_Definition: White Cedar-Yellow Birch Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: JPAX Entity_Type_Definition: Jack Pine-Aspen Forest Mosaic Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: JPF Entity_Type_Definition: Jack Pine/Balsam Fir Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WRPA Entity_Type_Definition: White Pine-Red Pine-Quaking Aspen-Birch Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: RP Entity_Type_Definition: Red Pine/Blueberry Dry Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WP Entity_Type_Definition: White Pine/Mountain Maple Mesic Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SFA Entity_Type_Definition: Spruce-Fir-Aspen Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BSF Entity_Type_Definition: Black Spruce/Feathermoss Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SF Entity_Type_Definition: Spruce-Fir/Mountain Maple Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AB Entity_Type_Definition: Quaking Aspen-Paper Birch Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: PB Entity_Type_Definition: Paper Birch/Fir Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AL Entity_Type_Definition: Trembling Aspen-Balsam Poplar Lowland Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BO Entity_Type_Definition: Northern Bur Oak Mesic Forest Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: EP Entity_Type_Definition: Evergreen Plantation Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: PGCH Entity_Type_Definition: Perennial Grass Crops (hay, pastureland) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: PGCS Entity_Type_Definition: Perennial Grass Crops with Sparse Shrubs (hay, pastureland) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ACP Entity_Type_Definition: Cropland and Pasture Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ARB Entity_Type_Definition: Other Agricultural Land Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: BLQ Entity_Type_Definition: Strip Mines, Quarries, and Gravel Pits Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: UC Entity_Type_Definition: Commercial and Services Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: UR Entity_Type_Definition: Residential Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: UT Entity_Type_Definition: Transportation, Communications, and Utilities Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WLK Entity_Type_Definition: Lakes (>16 h) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WS Entity_Type_Definition: Streams and Canals Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SIG Entity_Type_Definition: Small Island with Grass (0.1 - 0.5 h) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SIR Entity_Type_Definition: Small Island with Rock (0.1 - 0.5 h) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SIS Entity_Type_Definition: Small Island with Shrubs (0.1 - 0.5 h) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SIT Entity_Type_Definition: Small Island with Trees (0.1 - 0.5 h) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WBP Entity_Type_Definition: Water-Beaver Pond (<10% vegetated) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WNP Entity_Type_Definition: Water-Natural Pond (<16 ha, <10% vegetated) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Map Unit Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 1 Entity_Type_Definition: Closed Canopy/Continuous (60-100% cover) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Coverage Density Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2 Entity_Type_Definition: Open Canopy/Discontinuous (25-60% cover) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Coverage Density Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 3 Entity_Type_Definition: Dispersed-Sparse Canopy (10-25% cover) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Coverage Density Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: A Entity_Type_Definition: Evenly Dispersed Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Coverage Pattern Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: B Entity_Type_Definition: Clumped/Bunched Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Coverage Pattern Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: C Entity_Type_Definition: Gradational/Transitional Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Coverage Pattern Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: D Entity_Type_Definition: Regularly Alternating Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Coverage Pattern Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 1 Entity_Type_Definition: 30-50 meters (98-162 feet) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Height Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2 Entity_Type_Definition: 20-30 meters (65-98 feet) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Height Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 3 Entity_Type_Definition: 12-20 meters (40-65 feet) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Height Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 4 Entity_Type_Definition: 5-12 meters (16-40 feet) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Height Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 5 Entity_Type_Definition: 0.5-5 meters (1.5-16 feet) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Height Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 6 Entity_Type_Definition: <0.5 meters (<1.5 feet) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Height Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: D Entity_Type_Definition: Deciduous 60-75% dominance of existing tree coverage, evergreen 25-40% Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Dominance/Co-dominance Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: E Entity_Type_Definition: Evergreen 60-75% dominance of existing tree coverage, deciduous 25-40% Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Dominance/Co-dominance Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: M Entity_Type_Definition: Deciduous/Evergreen 40-60% co-dominance of existing tree coverage Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Dominance/Co-dominance Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Items within the spatial database LUT in addition to the ArcInfo default items (e.g. area, perimeter) include: 1) CODE_MOD - Map Unit Code with all applicable physiognomic feature modifiers, 2) MAP_CODE - Map Unit Code, 3) MAP_DESC - Map Unit Description Name, 4) DENS_MOD - Coverage Density Modifier (applies to all vegetation map units), 5) PTRN_MOD - Coverage Pattern Modifier (applies to all vegetation map units), 6) HT_MOD - Height Modifier (applies to woody terrestrial vegetation map units), 7) DOM_MOD - Dominance/Co-dominance Modifier (applies to mixed conifer/deciduous woody terrestrial vegetation map units), 8) ASSN_NAME - Project Global Community Name (USNVC Association), 9) ASSN_CNAME - Project Global Common Community Name (synonym name of USNVC Association), 10) ASSN_CEGL - Community Element Global Code (Elcode link to USNVC Association), 11) ALL_NAME - USNVC Alliance Name, 12) ALL_CNAME - USNVC Common Alliance Name, 13) ALL_KEY - Alliance Key (code representing USNVC Alliance), 14) NVCS_CODE - USNVC Code (to Formation level), 15) CLASS - USNVC Formation Class (Class name & code), 16) SUBCLASS - USNVC Formation Subclass (Subclass name & code), 17) GROUP - USNVC Formation Group (Group name & code), 18) SUBGROUP - USNVC Formation Subgroup (Subgroup name & code), 19) FORMATION - USNVC Formation (Formation name & code), 20) ECO_GROUP - Ecological Group (groups of vegetation types sharing ecological processes), 21) ECO_SUBGRP - Ecological Subgroup (subgroups of vegetation types sharing ecological processes), 22) MNCC - Minnesota Natural Community Classification, 23) NWON_FEC - NW Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification, 24) NWON_WET - NW Ontario Wetland Ecosystem Classification 25) LUC_II - USGS Land Use and Land Cover Classification System (level 2), 26) COMMENT1 - General description about the map unit, and 27) COMMENT2 - General comment of how the map unit relates to other map units. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Map Unit Codes and Map Unit Description Names (CODE_MOD, MAP_CODE, & MAP_DESC): Map Units for the Voyageurs National Park Vegetation Mapping Project. March 2000. U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Physiognomic Modifiers - Coverage Density, Coverage Pattern, Height, and Dominance/Co-dominance (DENS_MOD, PTRN_MOD, HT_MOD, & DOM_MOD): Physiognomic modifiers added to map units (when applicable) to describe structural features. Original source for Coverage Density, Coverage Pattern, and Height is cited to Aerial Information Systems, Inc. 1995. Standard Interpretive Conventions (Viewgraph 3). Redlands, California. Height categories were modified to accomodate park specific needs. Dominance/Co-dominance is project derived. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Project Global Community Names, Project Global Common Community Names, Community Element Global Codes, Alliance Name, Common Alliance Name, Alliance Key, USNVC Code, USNVC Phyisognomic Formation levels Class, Subclass, Group, Subgroup, and Formation (ASSN_NAME, ASSN_CNAME, ASSN_CEGL, ALL_NAME, ALL_CNAME, ALL_KEY, NVCS_CODE, CLASS, SUBCLASS, GROUP, SUBGROUP, & FORMATION): Anderson, M., P. Bourgeron, M. T. Bryer, R. Crawford, L. Engelking, D. Faber-Langendoen, M. Gallyoun, K. Goodin, D. H. Grossman, S. Landaal, K. Metzler, K. D. Patterson, M. Pyne, M. Reid, L. Sneddon, and A. S. Weakley. 1998. International classification of ecological communities: terrestrial vegetation of the United States. Volume II. The National Vegetation Classification System: list of types. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Ecological Groups and Ecological Subgroups (ECO_GROUP & ECO_SUBGRP): Faber-Langendoen, D. (editor). 2000 (in press). International classification of ecological communities: terrestrial vegetation of the Midwestern United States. The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Conservation Science Department, Minneapolis, MN. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Minnesota Natural Community Classification (MNCC): Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program. 1993. Minnesota's Native Vegetation: A Key to Natural Communities (version 1.5). Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: NW Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification (NWON_FEC): Sims, R.A., W.D. Towill, K.A. Baldwin, P. Uhlig and G.M. Wickware. 1997. Field guide to the forest ecosystem classification for northwestern Ontario. Ont. Min. Natur. Resour., Northwest Sci. & Technol. Thunder Bay, Ont. Field Guide FG-03. 176 pp. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: NW Ontario Wetland Ecosystem Classification (NWON_WET): Harris, A.G., S.C. McMurray, P.W.C. Uhlig, J.K. Jeglum, R.F. Foster and G.D. Racey. 1996. Field guide to the wetland ecosystem classification for northwestern Onatrio. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Northwest Sci. & Technol. Thunder Bay, Ont. Field Guide FG-01. 74 pp. + Append. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Land Use and Land Cover Classification (LUC_II): Anderson, J. R., E. Hardy, J. Roach, and R. Witter. 1976. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data. Geological Survey Professional paper 964. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. Note: Crosswalk to level 2 for all map units. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS BRD Center for Biological Informatics Contact_Person: USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Room 8000, MS 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4220 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-202-4219 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-b-npsveg@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Vegetation Spatial Database Coverage for the Voyageurs National Park Vegetation Mapping Project Distribution_Liability: The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. These data and related graphics (if available) are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data appropriately and consistent within the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. Any related graphics (if available) are intended to aid the data user in acquiring relevant data; it is not approriate to use the related graphics as data. The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from an U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service servers and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the utility of the data on another system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this metadata report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U. S. Department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey and National Park Service. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: HTML Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/voya/index.html Access_Instructions: Internet Access Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 200102 Metadata_Review_Date: 20100617 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS BRD Center for Biological Informatics Contact_Person: USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Room 8000, MS 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4220 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-202-4219 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-b-npsveg@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999 Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt/community/fgdc_metadata/255