| Both the National Park Service and The Nature Conservance of Hawaii manage wet forests to reduce the impact of alien ungulates. Beginning in 1983, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park began actively managing montane wet forests using fenced feral pig exclosures (shown above under construction and at work) ranging in size from 140 to 800 ha. The ages of adjacent exclosures now range from 3 to 13 years. Comparative studies focused on detecting changes in forest structure and invertebrate communities along this chronosequence of feral pig removal are underway |
